How Does Solar Power Work?

Solar Panels

Solar panels, or solar modules as they are sometimes called, are typically installed on the roof. These solar panels are made up of photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert sunlight into direct current (DC) power.

Inverter

The DC power from the solar panels is sent to an inverter, where it is converted into alternating current (AC) power, or standard electrical current used in your home.

Electrical Panel

AC power travels from the inverter to the electrical panel, often called a breaker box. This power is now ready to use in your home.

Utility Meter

The utility meter continually measures your electrical supply; when your solar power system produces more power than you need, the meter literally spins backward, accumulating credits with the utility company that will offset your next bill.

Utility Grid

Your home remains connected to the utility grid to supply you with electricity when you need more power than your solar power system has produced, such as at night.

SolarGuard^® Solar Production Monitoring

SolarGuard allows you and SolarCity to continuously monitor energy production and make sure your system is running smoothly. If production levels drop below normal, SolarCity will alert you and help remedy the situation.

PowerGuide™ Energy Consumption Monitoring

PowerGuide continually monitors your home's electricity usage. With a clear picture of your electricity patterns you can better manage your energy consumption and save money.

Foreign Trade Policy

           The foreign trade policy announced by the UPA government in 2004 had set  two objectives, viz: i) to double our percentage share of global merchandise trade  within 5 years and ii) use trade expansion as an effective instrument of economic  growth and employment generation.    The same has been achieved as our exports  witnessed robust growth to reach a level of US$ 168 billion in 2008-09 from US $ 63 billion in 2003-04.  Our share o global merchandise trade was 0.83% in2003 which rose to 1.45% in 2008 as per WTO estimates.  On the employment front,  nearly 14 million jobs were created directly or indirectly as a result of augmented exports in the last five years.


     The   policy objective is annual export target of US$ 200 billion by March 2011.  By 2014, we expect  to double  India’s exports of   goods and services.  The long  term policy objective  for  the Government  is  to double  India’s  share  in global trade by 2020.

Duty Exemption and Remission schemes.

Advance Authorisation:-

1.  An advance authorization is issued to allow duty free  import of inputs, which are physically incorporated in export product.  In addition, fuel, oil, energy, catalysts  which are consumed or utilized may also be allowed. 
2. exempted from payment of BCD, addl customs duty, ed cess, anti dumping duty and safeguard duty, if any.
3. materials imported thereunder will be with actual user condition.  It will not be transferable even after completion of export obligation. 
4. advance authorizations are issued for inputs and export items given in SION (Standard Input Output Norms).  These can also be issued on the basis of Adhoc norms or Self declared norms as per para 4.7 of HBP (Hand Book of Procedures) vol.I 
5. it can be issued either to a manufacturer exporter or merchant exporter. 
6. An advance authorization shall specify a) names and description of items to be imported and exported/supplied, b) quantity, value of each item to be imported, c)  aggregate CIF value of imports and d) FOB value and quantity of exports/supplies.
7. Export obligation shall be fulfilled within 36 months except in cases of EO extension.  

 DFIA scheme (Duty Free Import Authorization)

1.  it is issued to allow duty free import of inputs, fuel, oil, catalyst etc required for the production of export product.
2. it consists of both pre export and post-export   authorizations. 
3. Pre-export cases shall be issued with actual user condition and shall be exempted from payments of duties.
4. in case of post-export DFIA,  a merchant exporter shall be required to mention  name and address of the manufacturer.
5. DFIA shall be issued only for products for which SION have been notified.

Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB)

1. Objective of DEPB is to neutralize incidence of customs duty on import content of export product.    Neutralisation shall be provided by way of grant of duty credit against export product.
2. credit shall be available against such export products and at such rates as may be specified by DGFT by way of public notice.
3. credit may be utilized for payment of  customs duty. DEPB scripts can also be used for payment of duty against imports under EPCG scheme.
4. Duty credit under the scheme shall be calculated by taking into account deemed import content of said export product as per SION.
5. value addition achieved by export of such product shall also be taken into account while determining the rate of duty credit under the scheme. 
6. the rates are fixed by Export Promotion Committees (EPC) which shall verify  the Fob value of exports as well as international price of inputs covered under SION.

Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) scheme. 

1. the scheme allows import of capital goods  at zero or concessional rate of duty, subject to an export obligation equivalent to 6 times of duty saved or 8 times of duty saved to be fulfilled with a period of  6 years or 8 years respectively.
2. Import of  motor cars, sport utility vehicles etc shall be allowed only to hotels, travel agents, tour operators  subject to the condition that total foreign exchange earning  in current and preceding  three years is Rs 1.5 crore and duty saved amount shall not exceed 50% of average foreign exchange earnings in preceding three licensing years and vehicles shall be registered for tourist purpose only.
3. export obligation shall be subject to actual user condition and shall be fulfilled by export of goods manufactured/services rendered by the licencee.
4. in case, EPCG holder fails to fulfill prescribed export obligation, he shall pay duties of customs plus interest .
5. in case of fulfillment of EO, RLA (Regional Licensing Authority) concerned shall issue a certificate of discharge  to the licencee and send a copy to customs authorities with whom BG has been executed.

Export Oriented Units (EOUs)

1. Units undertaking to export their entire production of goods and services (except permissible sales in DTA) may be set up under the EOU scheme.
2. An EOU may export all kinds of goods and services except items hat are prohibited . 
3. An EOU may import or procure from DTA or bonded warehouses in DTA without payment of duty, all types of goods, including capital goods.
4. goods imported  by a unit shall be with actual user condition and shall be utilized for export production.
5. EOU unit shall be a positive net foreign exchange earner.  NFE earnings shall be calculated cumulatively in blocks of five years, starting from commencement of production.
6. Once unit commences production, LOP (Letter of Permission) shall be valid for a period of 5 years .  This may be extended further by DC (Development Commissioner   who is the monitoring authority  for a period of 5 years at a time.
7. Unit shall execute  an LUT (Letter of Undertaking) with DC.  Failure to ensure positive NFE shall render the unit liable to penal action.
8. Unit may sell goods upto 50% of FOB value of exports, subject to fulfillment of positive NFE, on payment of concessional duties in DTA within entitlement.
9. In addition, EOUs are entitled to  

• reimbursement of Central Sales Tax (CST) on goods manufactured in India,
• exemption from payment of Central Excise duty on goods procured from DTA on goods manufactured in India
•  CENVAT credit on sevice tax paid
• Exemption from Income Tax as per Section 10A and 10B of Income Tax.

APTET Answer key / Paper Solution 2014

APTET Answer key 2014 of Paper 1,2 of exam held on 16th March will soon available at www.aptet.cgg.gov.in :
Andhra Pradesh, Department of School Education will go to announce the APTET Answer key 2014 or they will go to declare the TET Solution of exam paper which exam was held on 16^th march, 2014 on its official website at www.aptet.cgg.gov.in.
Andhra Pradesh, Department of School Education has announced the TET notification as well as its Examination dates and etc. Did you mean by TET if not then don’t worry TET is called as teacher eligibility test which is conducted for to Select prospects for empty seats of teacher in government sector school.
The exam of TET was going too conducted on 09^th February, 2014 but some specific reasons exam goes let and decided that exam conducted on 16^th March, 2014. There were total huge number of prospects appeared in exam and now they are finding the answer key or exam to match their answer key and for comparison of marks.
We are know that all have very complexity in candidates mind about to know their answer key and how many marks will covers in the exam. one very humble request to all the prospects don’t take this online answer key very seriously because some mistake may be possible done in this provided answer key so best way is that please wait for your results and after declaration you will find your perfect marks.
The answer key of APTET Exam 2014 will be available for both papers and download set wise answer sheet also from their dedicated server. Download answer key of exam by following this steps such as like first of all open main website www.aptet.cgg.gov.in now one links will open on screen APTET Answer key 2014. Now click on the link Download Answer key APTET Exam 09^th February, 2014. Take print out and start mark prediction. You will able to download it in PDF format file.
Useful Links
Download APTET Exam Answer key or Answer sheet 2014
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Official website: www.aptet.cgg.gov.in



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