A crucial issue - garnering almost no attention and remaining undebated -
is Mahatma Gandhi's suggestion to dissolve the Congress and turn it
into a Lok Seva Sangh. Why did he wish that? The Congress, during the
Gandhi era, inspired thousands to practise purity and probity. Freedom
fighters and Congress workers were almost synonymous. Gandhi was not
oblivious to ambitions; he was aware that cut-throat competition and
hypocrisy existed in the Congress. He was afraid that thousands of
workers, trained in the anti-imperialist struggle to fight for
righteousness, who had inculcated the characteristic of renouncement,
would either become irrelevant or be co-opted into a venal system.
Gandhi's vision for struggle was not confined to 'transfer of power' or a
change of guard on the Delhi throne. He believed these trained
idealists should be used to create democratic consciousness in society,
which he considered the best way to curb absolutism. He was the first
modern Indian politician who drifted from western-style politics and institutions. He was a critic of
Westminster democracy and sharply criticised the nature and role of
Parliament. Gandhi drew his intellectual and moral strength from our
traditional system of knowledge and concept of kingship. In our history,
it is those kings who renounced the most, based their rule on justice
and preferred merit over kinship who are venerated as ideal rulers.
Vikramaditya is revered for his commitment to larger interests. Gandhi
expected political actors to follow the principle of life based on
minimum materialism and maximum renouncement. The extravagance of
'swadeshi' rulers and their joy upon the transfer of power, even as
thousands were being massacred and millions going homeless and
breadless, stunned Gandhi. He wrote to Nehru, "We are adopting British
extravagance, which the country cannot afford" and proposed to Nehru
that "the Viceroy should reside in an unpretentious house and the
present palace (later to be known as Rashtrapati Bhavan) should be more
usefully used". Mountbatten happily accepted Gandhi's proposal and the
latter wrote back, "May I say how deeply I have appreciated your wish to
go to an unpretentious house as the chosen Governor General of millions
of the half-famished villagers of the nation." But this proposal was a
discomfort for 'socialist' Nehru and he informed Gandhi of "difficulty
in finding suitable accommodation and making arrangements for changing
over, when we are so busy". Why Nehru suppressed the proposal was
revealed by his own action. Soon after the Mahatma's demise, he shifted
from his 'small' residence, 17 York Road, in the capital to Teen Murti
House (spread over almost 22 acres), former residence of the British
commander-in-chief of the Indian Army. Michael Edwards wrote that Nehru
had moved into a luxurious house "surrounding himself with guards, large
cars, bodyguards on prancing horses, pomp and protocol". Nehru was not
what he appeared to be, a fact he himself was aware of. He wrote in
Modern Review (November 1937) under the anonymous name 'Rashtrapati'
that he had a tendency to become dictatorial and needed to be checked.
After Independence, when the Congress was grappling with internal
democracy Nehru shrewdly created a psychological halo among party
workers that he alone could save it from tottering. A national leader
like Harekrushna Mahatab issued a press statement urging the 'need' for
Nehru's dictatorship in the interest of the Congress and country. During
the first general election, S K Sinha from Bihar proposed that Nehru
should be solely authorised to select all 4,000 candidates for the Lok
Sabha and the Assemblies. The subversion of democracy began with proxies
of Nehru inside the Congress. It is a paradox that despite knowing
Nehru's proclivities, Gandhi favoured him.
Yoga through the ages
It's not just for a bunch of old people or fitness freaks or aspiring
models. Pragya Bhatt dispels some myths about yoga, as she puts forth
its benefits for a lifetime.
There are many misconceptions about yoga. From "yoga will kill my sex
drive" to "yoga is for a bunch of oldies wheezing together in a park".
The benefits of yoga for your sex drive and breathing are numerous, and
the stuff would make another article! For now, let's look at how
relevant yoga is through different stages of your life.
A new born is given an oil massage every day to ensure that the joints
and bones are strong and healthy. But as we grow older, life catches up
and we end up neglecting our bodies, until those rusty joints and bones
start to groan with aches and pains! And that's when the visits to the
doctors and physiotherapists start.
Prevention is better than cure. And yoga is a preventative measure
against many diseases and conditions associated with lifestyle disorders
and diseases. Here is how
yoga can help you through the ages:
In your teensLots of emotional and physical changes occur during your
teens. On an emotional level there's pressure to fit in, stress because
of studies, anxiety about the future and what not. On a physical level,
the body becomes a hormonal battle ground.
Teenage yoga practitioners learn to accept the changes their bodies are
going through and this prevents common issues such as eating disorders,
body image issues, low self esteem, depression, and anger associated
with teenage.
The practice of Pranayama and meditation help to keep teens grounded
and also in thinking calmly about the emotional changes they are
undergoing.
In your 20sThe 20s are a time for exploration and discovery: work, new
friends, love, marriage and even babies. The practice of yoga is also
associated with longevity and a fantastic quality of life. Therefore,
20s is a great time to cultivate a regular yoga practice. Most people
start their first jobs in their 20s. With this come the back aches,
weight gain, stress and other disorders. Smoking and binge drinking to
unwind and 'let my hair down' becomes frequent.
However, prolonged 'let my hair down' ensures that the hair stays down.
So, many 20-somethings have bald spots and salt and pepper hair! Women
experience difficulties with their menses and irregular or absent
periods. The Moola Bandha helps in maintaining the health of the uterus
and treats many problems associated with menstruation. It also helps in
releasing stress from the body.
Practising the Anulom Bilom Pranayam helps in eliminating stress.
Inverted asanas such as the Adhomukha Svanasana help in hair growth.
Practicing yoga for an hour, three times a week during your 20s, helps
in fighting lifestyle-related diseases that creep up on you whilst
you're too busy gazing into your laptop.
In your 30sThe vitality of your body starts to decrease when you reach
your 30s. Skin starts to lose its elasticity and wrinkles appear. Men
and women both will notice a decrease in muscle tissue and an increase
in loose fat. The pot belly which started in the late 20s is a permanent
fixture now.
The 30s are frequently about jam-packed calendars, all-night meetings,
adapting to different time-zones, increased familial responsibilities,
handling difficult children and the list goes on... Issues such as
diabetes and thyroid are common. Strengthening asanas such as
Chaturanga, Parsavakonasana and Ardha Chandrasana will help you in
maintaining a healthy bone density, as well as building muscle mass
which will help in increasing a flagging metabolism.
The Jalandhar Bandha and asanas like the Setu Bandha Asana will help in
stimulating your thyroid gland. Asanas such as the Virbhadrasana will
help in stimulating your reproductive organs, important for those who
have opted for a late pregnancy.
In your 40sFor many, the 40s are about depression. Metabolism decreases
and women tend to put on weight and find it harder to take it off.
Added to this is the onset of heart disease, arthritis and osteoporosis.
This is also the perimenopause stage for most women. Eyesight tends to
weaken. Women who have been practicing yoga in their 20s and 30s will
experience less of these issues as compared to their sedentary
counterparts.
However, it's never too late to start yoga. A regular yoga practice
will also help in reducing the risk of injuries and increasing the rate
of recovery from injuries, which is very important as we age. Practising
meditation, breathing exercises, and simple stretches will ensure that
you can handle the rigours of life in your 40s with élan.
50s and beyondMenopause marks the era of the 50s. The changes your body
experiences are new, bewildering and unsettling. Yoga will help you
overcome the emotional and physical trauma that can besiege a person due
to the changing lives and times. Inverted asanas can help in preventing
glaucoma and cataracts, other by-products of old age. Also, yoga works
on the mind-body complex, which enables people to maintain an alert mind
and body.
So, you see, it's never too late to start practising yoga and make a
health commitment to yourself.(The writer is a yoga instructor from
Bangalore)
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